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NZ-Bungy jump in Queenstown, New Zealand – Nevis
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Original Movie Posters – New Zealand Censorship
By [http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=John_W_Reid]John W Reid
New Zealand Censorship 1916-1990s
Approximately 10 years ago I heard through the movie poster grapevine that a huge collection of original movie posters was being sold off in New Zealand after the closure of a distributer. I had been aware that this holy grail of posters existed for some time and when they finally came up for sale I flew to New Zealand immediately and was fortunate to be able to purchase them all. The enormous and daunting task of getting them all back to Australia for sorting and cataloguing is another story that I wont go into here.
The inventory included posters from the 50s to the 90s with the majority unused. New Zealand rarely printed movie posters of their own and used American, British and Australian posters and lobby cards. Consequently, the majority had New Zealand censorhip stamps or stickers added. These labels had often been painstakingly applied to every poster and lobby card. In many cases the US or Australian distribution and censor details were blacked out by hand along with any other imagery or text that was considered inappropriate.
Censorship of films and posters began in New Zealand around 1911 when lobby groups started to pressure the government to exercise some control over some of the risque or controversial films that had begun to appear along with some graphically lurid posters. As a result, the Cinematograph Film Censorship Act of 1916 was introduced for the censorship of films. Its amendment in 1926 allowed for the censorship of posters. The various regulations were consolidated in the Cinematograph Films Act of 1928.
In 1956 the Censorship Regulations were revised on the advice of the Film Censor, Gordon Mirams, to provide for five classes of certificate:
(G) Approved for general exhibition.
(Y) Recommended as suitable for persons aged 13 and over.
(A) Recommended as suitable for adults only (persons aged 16 and over).
(R) Screening restricted to persons over a specified age or to a specified class of audience.
(S) Recommended as suitable or unsuitable for a specified class of audience.
(R16) was introduced in the 1950s. 16 year olds were considered for practical purposes to be adults although this was not always the case in other legislation. This system was considered to be somewhat goundbreaking through its focus on parental control rather than cutting films. Despite this Mirams was more willing to cut films than his predecessors.
Censorship of movie posters was used either in the form of stamps or stickers. Whilst the stickers can generally be removed by a competant restorer, the stamps can be more difficult and are often accompanied by large blackout areas where ink has been used. Two of the best examples of original daybills that have been heavily censored are with Goldfinger and Marnie.
This system that had been introduced by Gordon Mirams lasted until 1976 when the single “A” and “S” certificates were dropped and a “Y” certificate was introduced – (Approved for general exhibition: recommended as more suitable for persons 13 years of age and over). Another change resulted in a “GA” and a “GY” classification to indicate that they were restrictions and not recommendations.
The Films, Videos and Publications Act of 1993 has produced a revised system that draws on the historical traditions of censorship with its current system of ratings and classifications. Instead of “Indecent” it now uses “Objectionable” and the current “M” (Suitable for mature audiences 16 and over) rating has replaced the older “A” or “Special A” ratings. Posters in New Zealand now use neat stickers for censorship.
The Chief Censors:
William Jolliffe 1916-1927
W.A.Tanner 1927-1937
W.A.Von Kiesenberg 1938-1949
Gordon Mirams 1949-1959
Douglas McIntosh 1960-1976
Bernard Tunnicliffe 1976-1983
Arthur Everard 1983-1990
Jane Wrightson 1991-1993
Kathryn Paterson 1993-1998
Bill Hastings 1999- present day
Censorship and the Value of posters
In the cases of Goldfinger and Marnie, the censorship with the heavily blacked out areas which severely detract from the image can significantly devalue a poster. Others that have a neat sticker are less affected particularly as most stickers can easily be removed by a restorer. The stamps can also be removed in many cases but many collectors are quite happy to retain the unique aspect of the posters history. http://www.moviemem.com
My website lists rare original movie posters from around the world including lobby cards, US one sheets, British Quads and Belgian Posters covering all genres, including Science Fiction, Horror, Film Noir, Australian Cinema, James Bond, John Wayne, and classic cinema.
Article Source: [http://EzineArticles.com/?Original-Movie-Posters---New-Zealand-Censorship&id=2465748] Original Movie Posters – New Zealand Censorship
Filed under Articles by on Jul 7th, 2011. Comment. 
The Lord of the Rings: Finding Middle Earth in New Zealand
By Rene Smith
The Lord of the Rings story has captured the imagination of millions of people around the world. New Zealand has been lucky enough to be involved in this global phenomena thanks to Peter Jackson’s critically acclaimed Lord of the Rings movie trilogy. The wide-open spaces, diverse landscapes and spectacular scenery of New Zealand were the best place to film the movies, allowing New Zealanders to showcase their country and create a growing Lord of the Rings tourism industry.
The Lord of the Rings back-story
When J.R.R. Tolkien wrote the original Lord of the Rings novels between 1937 and 1949, he would have had no idea of the huge impact they would have on future generations throughout the world. The stories have had a massive influence on pop culture and you come across many Lord of the Rings references in songs, movies and other literature.
Tolkien had earlier written a book called The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings novels followed as sequels and continued the epic fantasy theme and have since been reprinted into over 30 languages, making it one of the most popular franchises of the 20th century.
The Lord of the Rings story is based around human like creatures such as Elves, Hobbits, Wizards, Dwarves, Orcs and Men. They live in a sprawling world named Middle Earth, home to mysterious beings, magical rings, the devious Gollum, huge battles, the dark realm of Mordor and much, much more.
Part of the success of the Lord of the Rings can be put down to its complexity and Tolkien’s endless work in developing a credible and highly detailed back-story. This back-story is brilliantly revealed as the story progresses, filling in important details and creating a living and breathing world with a rich history in the minds of readers.
Peter Jackson’s Lord of the Rings movie trilogy
After several acclaimed but moderately successful feature films, New Zealand’s Peter Jackson diverted his attention to a new project, one that would consume many years of his life and eventually turn him into a star and one of Hollywood’s most sought after directors.
Jackson always had a desire to make an updated film of the Lord of the Rings and often wondered why it hadn’t been done earlier. After years of negotiating and revised scripts, Jackson and New Line Cinemas finally agreed to film and release the Lord of the Rings is a trilogy, The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of The King. Filmed entirely in New Zealand, the films proved to be financial gold mine for both parties with the combined profits of the movies, video games and related merchandise easily heading in to the billions of dollars.
The movies were released to much critical acclaim and while some purists felt that Jackson deviated too far from the book, most agreed that it was both faithful to the book and a spectacular motion picture. The three movies combined for 17 Academy Awards with The Return of the King being the most successful, earning 11 of these, including Best Picture and Best Director for Peter Jackson.
The movies created a huge windfall for New Zealand in terms of publicity, tourism, the movie making industry and the creation of Weta Workshops as a leading special effects design studio. Wellington was even chosen as the destination for the premiere of the final chapter of the trilogy, The Return of the King.
Finding Middle Earth in New Zealand
With the Lord of the Rings thrusting New Zealand’s spectacular scenery in to the limelight, it was inevitable that a demand to see it up close and personal would be created. labeling itself as “Middle Earth”, New Zealand’s tourism industry gained a much-appreciated boost thanks to thousands of travelers taking part in tours and scenic trips. Immersing themselves in various film locations, ardent Lord of the Rings fans and casual travelers alike could enjoy the wide open spaces of New Zealand knowing that these were where the movies plot twists, dramatic scenes and great battles took place.
Filming took place throughout the country, with areas surrounding Wellington, the lower North Island and Christchurch receiving the most attention. The Canterbury Plains, Southern Alps and Mt Potts high country station serve as particularly beautiful and inspiring areas to see various Lord of the Rings film locations such as Edoras, Helms Deep and the Misty Mountains. All are accessible with tour groups and you’ll have the opportunity to meet new friends with similar interests along the way.
J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings story has affected the lives of millions of individuals around the world and none more so than here in New Zealand. His epic tale of courage and honour has not only inspired readers but also helped Peter Jackson create his own masterpiece, opening up a whole new generation to Tolkien’s wonderful story. New Zealand’s film industry has been taken to a new level with the burgeoning local industry talent allowing other blockbuster films such as the Chronicles of Narnia and King Kong to also be filmed in the country. The benefits spread further into tourism and related areas with many overseas visitors coming to experience New Zealand’s special link with the Lord of the Rings.
Rene Smith is a travel guru who lives and works in Christchurch, New Zealand. Visit his Christchurch travel website for more articles, reviews and information on planning a vacation to Christchurch, New Zealand.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Rene_Smith
http://EzineArticles.com/?The-Lord-of-the-Rings:-Finding-Middle-Earth-in-New-Zealand&id=633852
Filed under Articles by on Feb 5th, 2012. Comment.
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